Head fittings: Core components of long-life and low-maintenance piping systems In modern industrial piping systems, the elbow fittings are like the joints in the human body. Although they are not conspicuous, they play a crucial role in ensuring the smooth operation of the system. The pipeline system is the lifeblood of industrial production, and the elbow pipe fittings are the key nodes that change the direction of these blood vessels. In numerous fields such as petroleum, chemical engineering, power, and municipal services, the quality of the elbow pipe fittings directly affects the safety and reliability of the entire pipeline system. It is worth noting that high-quality elbow pipe fittings are a typical long-life and low-maintenance product. Their outstanding performance characteristics and long service life provide a solid foundation for the safe and stable operation of industrial facilities. This article will delve into the technical principles, manufacturing processes, and application practices of how elbow pipe fittings can achieve long-life and low-maintenance. Theoretical basis of long-life design